Overview

With the rapid development of the Internet, the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) has been experiencing increasingly serious scaling problems, e.g., unmanageable RIB/FIB size explosion, and the unstable/inefficient/inflexible features of the IETF standardized route-reflection and confederation mechanisms. To solve these BGP scaling problems, we are proposing the following ideas:

  • Address-Based Route Reflection (ABRR) is the first iBGP solution that completely solves all oscillation and looping problems, has no path inefficiencies, and puts no constraints on RR placement. ABRR does this by emulating the semantics of full-mesh iBGP, and thereby adopting the correctness and path efficiency properties of full-mesh iBGP. ABRR takes a divide-and-conquer approach, and scales by making each RR responsible for some fraction of prefixes from all routers.
  • Saving Memory And Lookup Time via Aggregation (SMALTA) is a practical and near-optimal FIB aggregation scheme that shrinks forwarding table size without modifying routing semantics or the external behavior of routers, and without requiring changes to FIB lookup algorithms and associated hardware and software.
  • Virtual Aggregation (ViAggre) is a "configuration-only" approach to shrinking the routing table on routers. ViAggre does not require any changes to router software and routing protocols and can be deployed independently and autonomously by any ISP. ViAggre is effectively a scalability technique that allows an ISP to modify its internal routing such that individual routers in the ISP's network only maintain a part of the global routing table.

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